Стратегія мінімізації екологічних ризиків від ПрАТ «Укрграфіт» в контексті сталого розвитку

The study is aimed at analyzing the level of atmospheric pollution by the enterprise PrJSC "Ukrgrafit", determining carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to public health, as well as developing recommendations for minimizing harmful effects in the context of sustainable development and post-war restoration of the industrial sector. The object of the study is the impact of pollutant emissions of PrJSC "Ukrgrafit" on the environment in the city of Zaporizhzhia. Mathematical modeling of emission dispersion was performed using the ISC-AERMOD View software environment. The assessment of risks to public health was carried out in accordance with the methodology of Human Health Risk Assessment. To determine the optimal ways to minimize pollution, a comparative analysis of international experience in implementing environmental technologies in the carbon graphite industry was carried out. The results of the study showed that one of the most significant pollutants in the emissions of PrJSC "Ukrgrafit" is undifferentiated dust, in particular, suspended particles PM10 and PM2.5. The total volume of particulate emissions is 250.76 t/year. When modeling the inhalation exposure of priority pollutants in 80 receptor nodes and 11 control points, no exceedances of permissible concentration levels were recorded. Exceedance of the minimum level of total non-carcinogenic risk from emissions of all prioritized pollutants at receptor network nodes and control points under the condition of acute inhalation exposure is observed at a distance of 500 m in all directions along the cardinal points, except for the west and north-west directions. Hazard coefficients (HQ) for individual substances did not exceed the level of HQ ≤1, which indicates a minimal risk to public health. The carcinogenic risk due to the presence of benzo(a)pyrene is estimated at the level of ICRtotal <1×10-6, which corresponds to the minimal risk according to the classification of the World Health Organization. The levels of individual risk of death (IRM) from exposure to PM10 particulate matter at receptor nodes and control points correspond to a conditionally acceptable risk that requires constant monitoring. Analysis of pollutant concentrations in the surface layer of the atmosphere did not reveal significant excesses of permissible standards, but showed a potential impact on the health of the population living in the area of ​​influence of the enterprise. This emphasizes the need to increase the efficiency of environmental control and improve the enterprise's gas purification systems to ensure sustainable development and reduce the man-made load on the environment. To minimize the negative impact of the enterprise, a set of measures has been proposed, which include the modernization of gas purification systems, strengthening environmental monitoring and adaptation to international environmental standards. The introduction of regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO) will reduce the concentration of organic compounds in emissions by 90%. Additional installation of bag filters will help reduce the level of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter by 99%. To ensure transparency of environmental monitoring, it is necessary to expand the network of automated air quality control stations, which will allow real-time data on the level of pollution and prompt action to be taken. The proposed measures will significantly reduce the level of pollution and adapt the enterprise to international environmental standards, contributing to the sustainable development of the industrial sector of Ukraine.