Типологічний розподіл осіб, які вчиняють кримінальні правопорушення у сфері радіоекологічної безпеки

This article is dedicated to the study of individuals committing criminal offenses in the field of radioecological safety through the application of the typological method. The results of empirical analysis and theoretical generalization allowed to propose three typological criteria: by the depth and stability of antisocial orientation, by the specifics of motivation for criminal behavior, and by social-role affiliation. On the basis of these criteria, ten criminological types and subtypes of individuals within the category under study have been identified and illustrated with corresponding court rulings: accidental offender, who is characterized by an overall positive social orientation, and stable socially beneficial attitudes and orientations, which, however, prove insufficiently strong to deter the decision to commit a crime; situational offender, who is represented by an unstable individual whose system of value orientations is largely simulative and attributive, and does not have a significant depth in the regulatory structures of the personality; malicious offender, for whom committing a crime in the field of radioecological safety is a natural result of the development of antisocial, selfish and mercantile personality traits; particularly dangerous offender – unscrupulous, selfish and mercenary-minded, and/or conformist individuals, who are unconditionally loyal to the leader of a criminal group; industrial criminal, who is characterized by systematical involvement in the same type of criminal activities (regardless of previous convictions); mercenary-minded offender, who is primarily motivated by material gain from the illegal handling of radioactive materials; nihilistic offender, who is characterized by a dismissive attitude toward the existing legal order in the state and a legal nihilism; mixed type, which is a combination of the mercenary-minded and nihilistic types; marginal offender – a socially maladjusted individual; socially adapted offender – an individual, who is generally well-adjusted to life, integrated into legal structures of social activities, employed, and has a family. The author provides a scientific description of the most significant and criminologically relevant features of each type and subtype, which forms the basis for further research of individuals in this category and for determining the set of factors that contribute to their criminal behavior, and for developing specific measures to counteract crime in the field of radioecological safety.