宋玉"負俗"與《文心雕龍•雜文》立篇之義

“負俗”是劉勰對宋玉的評價，也是其設置的解讀對問一體的重要語境。負俗意即與世俗相違而遭受譏議，負俗者則多爲含才高士，他們不媚俗、不合衆，往往能做出超越俗衆的卓越成就。宋玉負俗不僅體現在其爲人與世不諧，亦體現在其負俗、抗俗的文學創作當中，具體言之，則是開創對問一體、關注世俗題材、創作導向諧趣化以及敘述虚構化、戲劇化。此外，在劉勰列舉的七體、連珠及創作者本人身上，也可見出其含才負俗的鮮明特徵，説明在劉勰的思想意識中，負俗是作家可貴的爲人品質與文學品格，而雜文則是文人含才負俗的綜合體現，是其以遊戲心態創作、表現文人情志、展示文學技藝的文類。認識雜文的特徵，劉勰所謂“負俗”無疑是一個重要的基點。 The term "contrarianism" (fusu 負俗) is Liu Xie's description of Song Yu, and it is also a crucial context for his theory of interpretation through the unity of question and answer. Contrarianism means opposing worldly norms and often facing criticism as a result. Contrarians are often talented scholars who neither pander to popular tastes nor conform to the majority and often achieve exceptional success. Song Yu's contrarianism is not only evident in his personal discordance with societal norms but also manifests in his literary works, which are characterized by innovative dialogic structures, a focus on secular themes, an orientation toward humor and harmony, as well as narrative fictionalization and dramatization. Moreover, the distinct traits of holding talents and defying convention can be seen in the seven forms and linked pearls listed by Liu Xie, and in the writers themselves. According to Liu Xie's thought, contrarianism is a commendable personal and literary quality. The genre of miscellaneous essays represents a comprehensive expression of the literati's talent and defiance of norms, reflecting a playful writing spirit, showcasing emotional and intellectual depth, and demonstrating literary skill. Liu Xie's "contrarianism" is undoubtedly a foundational concept in understanding the characteristics of miscellaneous essays.