Urolithiasis Burden in Somalia: Associated Factors and Regional Distribution Among Patients Undergoing CT Scan in Selected Centers in Mogadishu

Najib Isse Dirie,1 Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed,2 Omar Mohamed Olad,2 Iqra Hassan Shire,2 Abdirahman Khalif Mohamud,3 Bashiru Garba,3,4 Jamal Hassan Mohamoud,3 Hodo Aideed Asowe,5 Fartun Abdullahi Hassan Orey,6 Jihaan Hassan,6 Mohamed Hussein Adam3 1Department of Urology, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia; 2Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia; 3Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia; 4Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; 5Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia; 6Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Dr Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, SomaliaCorrespondence: Najib Isse Dirie, Email [email protected]: Urolithiasis is a significant global health burden with varying prevalence rates across different regions. In Somalia, data on the prevalence and risk factors associated with urinary stone disease are limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of urolithiasis among patients undergoing CT scans at selected centers in Mogadishu.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2024 at three medical facilities in Mogadishu, Somalia. This study included 211 patients who underwent non-contrast abdominopelvic CT scans. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that covered sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, dietary patterns, and clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software version 4.4.0, employing descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and logistic regression.Results: The study revealed a prevalence of 26.07% (95% CI: 20.28– 32.54%) for urolithiasis. Significant associations were found with marital status (married individuals showing higher risk, AOR 30.42, 95% CI 3.32– 278.58) and education level (higher education showing a protective effect). Dietary factors played a crucial role, with irregular dairy consumption (AOR 37.05, 95% CI 3.44– 398.62) and occasional meat consumption (AOR 3.58, 95% CI 1.41– 9.08) showing increased risk. Previous diagnosis of urolithiasis (AOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.19– 22.81) and history of UTIs (AOR 3.43, 95% CI 1.7– 6.95) were significant risk factors.Conclusion: This study identified a substantial prevalence of urolithiasis in Mogadishu, with significant associations between sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, and medical history. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive screening programs and targeted interventions, particularly for high-risk individuals.Keywords: urolithiasis, risk factors, CT scan, Somalia, prevalence