Understanding Intra-Operative Mortality in Canadian Neurosurgery: A Survey-Based Analysis

Background: Intra-operative mortality in neurosurgery is a rare but profoundly impactful event with significant consequences for patient outcomes, surgical teams, and healthcare systems. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, neurosurgical procedures inherently carry high risks due to the complexity of brain and spinal cord operations. While previous studies have explored patient comorbidities and team dynamics as contributors to surgical outcomes, limited research exists on how these factors influence intra-operative mortality and the coping mechanisms of surgeons following such events. Objectives: This study aims to analyze intra-operative mortality in Canadian neurosurgery by identifying contributing factors related to patient characteristics, surgeon experience, and team dynamics. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the emotional and professional impact of these events on neurosurgeons. Methods: A cross-sectional survey will be distributed to neurosurgeons across Canada, assessing demographic data, patient risk factors, surgical circumstances, and surgeon/team dynamics associated with intra-operative deaths. The survey will also explore how surgeons cope with these incidents and whether such experiences influence future decision-making. Data will be collected anonymously via REDCap and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Future Directions: Findings from this study will provide valuable insights into modifiable risk factors, inform surgical training programs, and guide institutional support strategies for neurosurgeons dealing with intra-operative mortality. Understanding these elements will contribute to enhanced patient safety, improved surgical decision-making, and better psychological support mechanisms for neurosurgeons.