Transição energética e preservação: integração de fontes renováveis, biodiversidade e economia verde em tempos de crise climática

The rapid increase in fossil fuel consumption, driven by the exponential growth of pro- duction and consumption of goods – especially in highly industrialized countries – has caused irreversible environmental impacts, compromising ecological balance and exac- erbating the global climate crisis. Given this scenario, a structured energy transition is essential, based on the integration of renewable sources, ensuring the reduction of carbon emissions and the mitigation of climate change effects. Furthermore, this transformation must be aligned with biodiversity preservation, ensuring that the adoption of clean energy does not lead to the degradation of sensitive ecosystems. At the same time, it is crucial to promote a green economy capable of reconciling sustainable development with socioec- onomic inclusion by fostering policies that encourage investments in this area. Therefore, we ask: How can the energy transition be effectively implemented while ensuring the integration of renewable sources, biodiversity preservation, and the strengthening of the green economy in the context of a climate crisis? To address this question, we theoreti- cally analyze the works of Warming (1908), Sachs (2000), Bautista Vidal and Vascon- cellos (2001), Vasconcellos (2002), Galindo-Leal and Câmara (2005), Vasconcellos, Bautista Vidal, and Guimarães (2005), Alvim and Badiru (2014), Bursztyn (2012), Wil- son (2012), Bursztyn and Bursztyn (2013), Holmgren (2013), Peixoto, Luz, and Brito (2016), Mauad, Ferreira, and Trindade (2017), Moreira (2019), among others. Methodo- logically, we applied qualitative research following Minayo (2006), descriptive and bib- liographic research in accordance with Gil (2006), and a comprehensive approach based on Weber (1969). The findings highlight that an effective energy transition requires inte- grated planning, considering technological, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. The adoption of renewable sources must be accompanied by public policies that encour- age research and innovation while minimizing impacts on sensitive ecosystems. Addi- tionally, the green economy should be promoted through tax incentives and sustainable investments, fostering social inclusion. It was observed that countries with well-coordi- nated strategies between the State and the private sector achieve better decarbonization results. Finally, global governance is essential to ensure the effectiveness of climate ac- tions.