Vehículos Eléctricos y de Combustión Interna en México: Factores económicos, ambientales y de infraestructura

This article analyzes the viability of electric vehicles (EVs) compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in Mexico, considering environmental, economic, and energy-related aspects. Although EVs do not emit pollutants directly, their environmental impact depends on the national energy matrix, where 75% of electricity comes from fossil fuels, according to the Secretaría de Energía’s 2024 report. This could mean that the indirect CO₂ emissions from EVs are higher than those of ICEVs in urban travel. Additionally, the production and disposal of lithium batteries pose environmental risks due to soil and groundwater contamination. Economically, EVs have a higher initial cost but lower operational and maintenance expenses, along with tax incentives in Mexico such as exemptions from the New Vehicle Tax (ISAN), vehicle ownership tax, and emissions inspections. The growing energy demand from EV charging could overload the electrical grid, especially in residential areas, requiring investments in infrastructure and smart management systems, as well as promoting the integration of renewable energy sources. Mexican regulations (NOM-001-SEDE-2012) govern the safety of charging installations, but financing schemes and public policies are needed to boost the expansion of infrastructure and social acceptance of EVs in Mexico.