Satellite integration in 6G

This thesis explores the non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) that can enhance sixth-generation (6G) telecommunications, focusing on satellite constellation design, primarily considering smaller scale Low Earth Orbit(LEO) constellations. Despite the broad scope of this topic, a focus on elevation angle was chosen due to its correlation with Line of Sight (LOS)probability. LOS is a significant factor in channel quality since alternate paths, needed when LOS is unavailable, perform significantly worse. The Ericsson internal NTN-simulator was utilized to collect coverage data for a specific region of Europe extending towards the North Pole. Additionally, a custom simulator was developed to facilitate faster testing of elevation and coverage for different constellations on a global scale with more samples. The simulation results indicate that Walker Star-based configurations are necessary for achieving optimal global coverage. However, these configurations are inefficient near the equator due to satellites being concentrated around the poles. Mixed constellations show promising results, achieving 100% coverage with fewer satellites by leveraging a combination of Walker Star and other configurations. This thesis concludes that a mixed constellation approach is optimal, offering a balance between coverage and capacity. The thesis reveals that achieving global coverage does not necessitate a large number of satellites, as mixed constellations can efficiently meet coverage requirements with strategic satellite distribution. It calls for further research to optimize these configurations and address challenges related to capacity, coverage, and consistency.