Smart Circular Economy Implementation in Mannies:An Exploratory Studyufacturing Compa

Problem Statement: Manufacturing businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), are under more pressure to embrace sustainability. However, operationalising Circular Economy (CE) principles through 10R solutions using digital technologies presents several challenges, as there are many practical barriers to implementation, such as no clear technology roadmap, poor strategic alignment, limited digital capabilities, and organisational inertia. Although advanced digital technologies (e.g. IoT, AI, blockchain, big data analytics) are seen as potential enablers of circularity, there is little empirical evidence in the literature that demonstrates how these technologies are embedded into 10R solutions, particularly in resource-constrained small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. Aim and Research gap: This thesis addresses the gap in integrating 10R strategies into the Circular Economy with advanced digital technologies in manufacturing, particularly SMEs. Through qualitative case studies, it develops a comprehensive framework identifying key challenges, enablers, and digital solutions to effectively implement circular economy strategies. Method: With a qualitative study, an exploratory approach to examine how manufacturing companies apply digital technologies within the 10R circular economy framework, focusing on real-world practices, challenges, and strategic enablers. Data was collected from five Use case companies in a semi-structured way, and the analysis was conducted using thematic analysis to identify the entire framework. Result: The results are conducted by using the thematic analysis, which gives a clear vision to the manufacturing companies in implementing the framework, highlighting that companies move through phases of digital maturity when enabling circularity. Results emphasise the role of IoT for monitoring, AI and big data for optimisation, and blockchain for traceability. Key enablers include leadership support, collaboration with solution providers, and early CE integration in design. Challenges include financial constraints, technological complexity, and low awareness of digital tools. Contribution: This study develops a framework linking Circular Economy 10R strategies with digital technologies via layered digital capabilities, focusing on challenges and enablers faced by SMEs rather than on an individual aspect.