Scientific evolution of “Gender parity” concept as a key strategy for empowerment

A bibliometric analysis and a literature review on gender parity theories were carried out using Scopus and VOSviewer. The search in Scopus allowed us to study the temporal evolution, types of publications (books, articles, scientific notes), disciplines and countries. The results show that gender parity has been studied since 1968, with a gap between 1969 and 1993 and a notable increase since 2006. Social sciences lead the research, followed by arts and humanities, business, medicine and economics. In Mexico, parity is supported by the three spheres of government, with significant advances in the electoral field. Countries such as Sweden, Finland and Denmark show high female representation in their congresses, while Italy, the United Kingdom, France and Greece present weaker systems. It is concluded that gender parity and legislative power quotas are essential for social and female empowerment, highlighting the need for more robust public policies and interdisciplinary approaches to achieve real and effective equity.