Smart Renewable Robotics: Development and Testing of a Solar-Powered Rover

Renewable energy and robotics are transforming the operation of autonomous systems so that they can work efficiently and autonomously in different environments. This paper presents the design and development of a solar-powered autonomous rover designed for longterm, self-sustained operation. With a 10W–15W solar panel and a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) module, the system provides efficient energy harvesting. The power stored is regulated by a 5000mAh Li-Po battery and a Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure stable and consistent performance. A servo motor-based solar tracking system also improves energy efficiency by tilting the panel to optimize sunlight exposure during the day. To move across varied landscapes with flexibility, the rover uses an Arduino ESP32 and an Arduino Nano Every to interpret sensor data for mobility control and collision detection. A TNB dual motor driver offers accurate mobility, while an MPU6050 accelerometer and gyroscope provide added stability, which guarantees smooth motion even on uneven terrain. A TVL drone camera allows for realtime remote viewing, positioning the rover aptly for applications such as space exploration, disaster response, and environmental studies. Apart from its independent capabilities, this rover has great potential for practical uses, ranging from venturing into remote areas to supporting emergency response operations. With its capability to operate in harsh environments, it is a highly useful asset for planetary exploration, intelligent agriculture, and ecological protection. Future evolution may include incorporating AI for intelligent decision-making, enhancing connectivity for more effective remote control, and using alternative energy sources to make it more efficient and increase operating life.