Sarcopenia como Factor de Riesgo de Caidas en Adultos Mayores

Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition that affects a significant percentage of older adults, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function. In Ecuador, its prevalence increases with age, especially affecting women over 70 years of age. Factors such as malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle, and socioeconomic limitations contribute to the development of this condition. Worldwide, sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of falls, hospitalizations, fractures, and mortality. Recent studies have highlighted that functional indicators such as walking speed and muscle strength are key predictors of falls, underscoring the need for comprehensive functional assessments. The multifactorial etiology of sarcopenia includes alterations in protein metabolism, chronic inflammation, and age-related changes. These alterations negatively impact mobility and balance, increasing the risk of falls. In addition, conditions such as sarcopenic obesity and comorbidities aggravate its impact. Strategies to prevent and manage sarcopenia include regular exercise, proper nutrition, and regular medical check-ups. Multidisciplinary and personalized interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing falls and improving quality of life.