Relación entre la Ventilación Mecánica y la Debilidad Neuromuscular de Pacientes en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos

This study explores the relationship between prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) and the development of neuromuscular weakness (NMW) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using PRISMA methodology, a systematic review of PubMed and Scopus studies was performed, focusing on high-quality research published in the past five years. Ten studies were included, spanning clinical trials, retrospective analyses, and systematic reviews, which together highlighted the significant impact of prolonged MV durations, greater than seven days, on the risk of NMW. The findings revealed that prolonged MV exacerbates diaphragmatic dysfunction and muscle atrophy, contributing to a 65.7% incidence of NMW among ICU survivors. The study found that preventative strategies, particularly early mobilization and nutritional optimization, significantly reduced the incidence of NMW and improved functional recovery.