Potencial terapéutico de las especies de Fabaceae: Una investigación fitoquímica y de bioactividad

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and infectious ailments necessitates the exploration of novel therapeutic agents. This study aims to elucidate selected Fabaceae species’ phytochemical composition and biological activities. Methods: Antioxidant potential was assessed with the DPPH assay, while DNA protection and antidiabetic activity were tested via inhibition assays. Anti-leishmanial and anti-dengue potentials were evaluated against Leishmania major and Aedes aegypti. Results: Sophora mollis, Mucuna pruriens, and Sesbania sesbans exhibited the highest phytochemical content. The DPPH-scavenging power of M. pruriens was highest (14.09 ± 3.60 µg/ml), and the DNA protection ability of P. tuberosa methanol extracts was highest. The methanol extract of S. sesbans effectively inhibited leishmaniasis (82.99 % inhibition) and dengue (70.10 ppm LD50). GC/MS identified 37 compounds, with 9-octadecenamide (Z) and tetradecanamide predominating. Conclusion: The methanol leaves extracts of selected Fabaceae species revealed significant biological properties compared to the methanol-DMSO and methanol-glycerol extracts. Furthermore, carrying out the synergistic effects of antileishmanial, anti-dengue, antidiabetic, and antioxidant compounds, may lead to the development of more effective and comprehensive therapeutic strategies.