Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE): Una Herramienta Clave para la Eficiencia en la Producción

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a key tool in production management, essential for assessing the overall efficiency of manufacturing equipment. Emerging from the Toyota Production System (TPS) in the 1960s, OEE has become indispensable in the global manufacturing industry. Nakajima (1988) introduced Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), the basis of OEE. Jonsson and Lesshammar (1999) highlighted TPM as a competitive advantage, while Dal et al. (2000) analyzed OEE as a measure of operational improvement. OEE is calculated by multiplying three factors: availability, performance, and quality. Availability compares equipment operating time with total available time. Performance measures production speed versus maximum capacity. Quality assesses the proportion of good products. These factors combined provide an accurate measure of equipment efficiency. The implementation of OEE has significantly improved efficiency and reduced downtime. Companies such as Toyota have reported improvements in product quality and cost reduction. OEE has evolved to include more detailed measurements and advanced analysis techniques, further optimizing production processes. OEE is more than a measurable tool; it is a globally adopted philosophy of continuous improvement. It provides a comprehensive view of equipment efficiency, helping to identify areas for improvement and optimize processes. Furthermore, it has been integrated with quality management, supply chain, and energy efficiency systems, enhancing companies' ability to optimize operations and make informed decisions. The article uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative elements for a comprehensive view of OEE. The research is descriptive and explanatory, detailing the origin, evolution, advantages, and examples of OEE implementation. The design is observational and cross-sectional, based on existing data without manipulation of variables. OEE originated at Toyota in the 1960s, pioneered by Seiji Nakajima. Initially, it was calculated by multiplying availability, performance, and quality. Its implementation at Toyota improved efficiency and reduced downtime. Today, OEE continues to evolve, integrating advanced technologies for more efficient production. In addition to OEE, other metrics such as Total Effective Equipment Performance (TEEP) and Overall Operation Effectiveness (OOE) are crucial for a complete assessment of operational efficiency. TEEP considers total production time, including unscheduled shifts, while OOE focuses on unforeseen events within scheduled shifts. These metrics complement OEE, providing a broader and more accurate view of operational efficiency, essential for continuous optimization in the manufacturing industry.