Perceptions of Competency, Adequate Training, and Job Satisfaction of Intensive In-Home Counselors in Hampton Roads, Virginia

This phenomenological study aimed to explore the perceptions of intensive in-home counselors in the Hampton Roads, Virginia, area regarding their adequacy of training, competence, and job satisfaction. Participants were recruited from community-based agencies offering intensive in-home counseling services. These counselors work with at-risk children and families that face complex challenges like trauma, poverty, and behavioral instability. The theories guiding this study were Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory and Core Self Evaluations Theory, which provided a dual framework for examining intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing participants’ perceptions and experiences. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with participants, which allowed for in-depth exploration of their lived experiences. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and trends. These revealed significant findings about deficiencies in training, variability in supervision quality, and the role of intrinsic motivators like autonomy and client progress in sustaining satisfaction. The findings highlighted a need for enhanced training programs, consistent supervision practices, and support for counselors to improve preparedness. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on intensive in-home counseling by providing actionable insights for improving counselor development, retention, and overall job satisfaction, factors that are critical to supporting at-risk populations.