Microbial assessment of non-critical healthcare tools owned by nursing students towards improving infection control

Bacterial contamination of non-critical healthcare tools, such as stethoscopes, pulse oximeters, and sphygmomanometers, is a significant concern for infection control in clinical settings. This study aimed to assess the microbial contamination of these tools used by first-year nursing students, highlighting the potential risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). A total of 36 samples were analysed, revealing that 64% were contaminated with Gram-positive cocci, with stethoscopes showing the highest contamination (83%). Sphygmomanometers demonstrated the most diverse bacterial presence and mixed contamination (58%). These findings underscore the need for enhanced disinfection protocols to protect patient safety. The research is justified by the ethical and spiritual responsibility in Islam to maintain cleanliness and prevent harm, reinforcing the duty of healthcare workers to ensure hygienic practices in medical care.