Integrated Passenger Interaction Architecture and PrivacyRisk Assessment Framework

Information privacy is a critical concern in complex digital ecosystems like smart airports, which utilize advanced technologies to enhance passenger experiences and services. However, the interconnected nature of these systems poses significant privacy risks, potentially compromising passenger information. Our comprehensive reviews highlight a lack of common understanding of these privacy risks. This paper addresses this gap by proposing the Interaction Journey Architecture and Privacy Risk Assessment (IJAPRA) framework. Developed iteratively using the design science research (DSR) method, the framework integrates insights from existing studies, theoretical and practical perspectives, and expert feedback. The evaluation results indicate that IJAPRA is applicable in representing the domain and is useful for privacy experts. Notably, IJAPRA provides unique insights into passenger-centric privacy risk management, differing from typical compliance-centric approaches. The framework aligns with the National Data Management Office's principles in Saudi Arabia, supporting the 2030 vision.