The Impact of Food Deserts and Food Insecurity on Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Jersey

Food deserts - areas with limited access to affordable, healthful food - are increasingly being recognized as risk factors for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This review discusses the link between food desert density and cardiovascular disease risk with a special emphasis on New Jersey. A systematic PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase literature review of studies from 2014 through 2024 was conducted, with some relevant older research dating back to 2001. Some of the keywords used in the search included "food desert," "food insecurity," "cardiovascular disease," and "New Jersey." The search was restricted to English-language research conducted within the United States. The literature examined demonstrates that limited access to healthy foods is associated with higher rates of obesity, smoking, poor sleep, and stress—conditions known to increase cardiovascular risk. A total of 11 studies were included and populations varied based on the databases or surveys utilized. Studies targeting New Jersey populations reveal the same trends, with food environment scores inversely relating to healthy behaviors. The findings point to the significant impact of food deserts on cardiovascular health, particularly in vulnerable populations. These inequalities can be addressed through targeted New Jersey public health interventions in high-risk areas, a path toward improved outcomes and reduced disease burden.