High resolution ultrasonography in the localization of non[1]palpable testes in children under two years of age

Background:-Most prevailing genitourinary congenital anomaly in male infants is undescended testes, out of which 20% are non-palpable testes. Many studies had been done in the past to ascertain the location of testes with varying results. There was no study done in the past exclusively using high resolution ultrasound in boys under two years of age? Methodology:-Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to collect data in boys with nonpalpable testes. Ultrasound was done using high frequency linear array transducer with virtual convex function rather than convex probe or simple linear probe having limited depth and frequency. Either testis was localized or not surgery was performed by surgical team invariably. Results: - High resolution ultrasound evaluation had an accuracy of 81.9%, sensitivity of 89.4%, and specificity of 75.6%, PPV of 88.4% and a NPV of 77.5% in in the diagnosis of the undescended testis. Conclusion:- High resolution ultrasound is highly recommended and beneficial in pre surgical evaluation of children with undescended testes because confirm localization of the existence of the testis reassure family and give courage about the early and well time decision about surgery and at the same time guide the surgeon about the extent of surgical exploration determined by the site of the testes.