Friedrich Nietzsche Felsefesinde İnsan Problemi

AbstarctFriedrich Nietzsche, by harshly criticizing the explanations made about humans, opposed the irrational thoughts that advocate the idea that humans are a part of God. He criticized the theological-based views that suggest humans come from the soul and God, arguing that such thoughts send humans back among animals. According to Nietzsche, humans are the strongest and most qualified beings in the natural world. The source of this power comes from his being a rational being. However, from Nietzsche’s perspective, rationality alone is not sufficient to distinguish humans from animals; the real difference lies in being a free spirit. The free-spirited person is someone who does not bow to societal and traditional pressures but instead reconstructs their existence through their own choices. He does not accept the domination of any authority and fights against impositions. According to Nietzsche, the free spirit is the person who breaks ancient taboos and stands against herd mentality. In this regard, a person should shape their own destiny with their own free will. He should not allow society or authorities to dominate him but should create his own values Instead of submitting to traditional beliefs and authorities, one should build their own individual existence. For this, one should not refrain from fighting. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal Nietzsche’s understanding of humanity and to evaluate the meaning of free-spiritedness as one of the fundamental elements of being human.