HIV-related stigma in healthcare

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the body's immune system. If left untreated, HIV leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Today, there are effective antiretroviral drugs available for the treatment of HIV. However, HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 40.1 million lives to date. At the end of 2021, an estimated 38.4 million people were living with HIV. HIV is classified as a public health disease and is subject to the Infection Control Act. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe HIV-positive patients’ experiences of stigmatization. Method: Literature review using a systematic approach. Results: The study shows that patients living with HIV experience stigma within healthcare settings. The main causes are ignorance about the disease and fear of transmission. To achieve high-quality care, preventive measures such as increased knowledge and education are considered essential. Conclusion: HIV-related stigma remains a significant challenge for both public health and individuals. It can lead to social isolation and avoidance of seeking social interaction or healthcare. Therefore, combating HIV stigma should be a key mission for all healthcare organizations and society at large, in order to promote health equity and improve quality of life.