Food Waste Flows for Energy Recovery: 
\nA Material Flow Analysis Approach in Urban Cities of 
\nIndonesia (Study Case: Surabaya City)

FW has a detrimental impact on the environment and holds potential for energy 
\nrecovery through its utilization. Surabaya implement waste-to-energy (WtE) as a sustainable solution 
\nfor waste management and energy needs. This research highlights the environmental concerns of FW 
\nand the potential for energy generation. This implies that existing waste management practices might 
\nnot be fully addressing the energy recovery potential of FW in Indonesia especially in urban cities. 
\nThe primary objective of this study was to analyze the energy potential of FW in Surabaya City using 
\nMaterial Flow Analysis (MFA). Black Soldier Fly (BSF), composting, anaerobic digestion (AD) 
\ngenerates substantial material and energy. Landfill and gasification were generated with a capacity 
\nof 2 Megawatt (MW) and 11 MW, respectively. This study uses a graphical MFA to provide 
\nfundamental information for assessing the sustainable management feasibility of converting FW into 
\nenergy in Surabaya.