Enfoque de proteómica para biomarcadores en saliva para diagnóstico de la periodontitis: una revisión sistemática

Introduction: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease with systemic effects, requires early detection. This systematic review explored salivary proteomic biomarkers for its diagnosis. Methodology: Following PRISMA guidelines, twenty-five studies (2006-2023) were analyzed, using techniques like ELISA to identify molecules related to oral inflammation and tissue degradation. Results: The most relevant biomarkers included MMP-8, IL-1ß, RANKL, OPG, suPAR, and IL-17. Most studies showed a higher prevalence of periodontitis over periodontal health and gingivitis, highlighting the importance of considering multiple factors in periodontal assessment. ELISA was the predominant technique, although other methods were employed depending on specific objectives. Conclusion: Biomarkers IL-1ß, IL-17, MMP-8, OPG, RANKL, and IL-6 are crucial for diagnosing periodontal diseases, reflecting inflammation and tissue damage. Their use is recommended in conjunction with clinical and radiographic data for more accurate diagnosis. This research highlights the potential of salivomics in the diagnosis and personalized treatment of periodontitis, although technical challenges persist in implementing these emerging technologies. The study emphasizes the complementary role of biomarker detection in diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal diseases.