3D modeling and 360-degree videos in virtual reality for phobias: integrative review of randomized clinical trials

Virtual reality (VR) has demonstrated efficacy in treating phobias and anxiety, allowing for safe and controlled exposure to phobic stimuli. This study conducted an integrative review of randomized clinical trials to compare the efficacy of 3D modeling and360 video recording in exposure therapy based on VR. The analysis included 39 studies published between 2014 and 2024, selected from the ERIC, PubMed, SciELO, and APA PsycNet databases. The results indicate that both technologies are effective in reducinganxiety symptoms, with distinct advantages: while 3D modeling provides greater interactivity and customization of therapeutic stimuli, 360 videos offer greater visual realism and lower costs of production. Patient acceptance was high for both approaches, suggesting their potential for clinical applications. However, the scientific literature still lacks direct comparisons between the two approaches and long-term studies to assess the maintenance of therapeutic effects. It is concluded that the choice between 3D and 360 video should consider the clinical context, available resources, individual patient needs, and scalability.