Efectos no Deseados en Mujeres Embarazadas por el Uso de Benzodiacepinas como Tratamiento Ansiolítico

The use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) in the treatment of anxiety disorders during pregnancy raises clinical dilemmas due to the associated risks to the mother and fetus. These medications, widely used for their anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic properties, are linked to congenital malformations such as neural tube defects, cardiovascular anomalies, and orofacial disorders when used in the first trimester. In addition, they increase the risk of obstetric complications such as premature birth, low birth weight and gestational hypertension, as well as neonatal effects such as withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression. In Ecuador, the most used BZDs include diazepam, lorazepam and clonazepam, the choice of which is influenced by availability and cost. Non-pharmacological therapeutic alternatives, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, should be prioritized, and it is essential to implement educational strategies and public policies that regulate the prescription of BZD. Close monitoring of pregnant women on BZD treatment, along with the use of the lowest possible dose and for the shortest time necessary, is crucial to minimize risks and ensure maternal-fetal safety.