Analysis of Healthy Glenohumeral Arthrokinematics and Anatomic Shoulder Implant Subluxation Using 4DCT

The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body, with the glenohumeral joint specifically allowing a wide range of motion and a high incidence of instability due to its ability to translate, as well as rotate in its socket. However, the extent of translation in a healthy glenohumeral joint is not well-established. Additionally, it is unclear if subluxation correction after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with posterior augmented glenoid (PAG) implants remains consistent throughout active motion. This thesis aimed to evaluate healthy glenohumeral arthrokinematics to benchmark normal joint proximity and translation, and to assess if a TSA with PAG implants correct subluxation and maintain joint mechanics throughout motion post-surgery. Using four-dimensional computed tomography, 3D Slicer, and ICP registration, the study found that healthy glenohumeral proximity and translation were mostly consistent across ages and that a TSA with PAG implants effectively restored and maintained corrected joint mechanics throughout active motion.