Analysis of factors affecting invasive fungal infections: A systematic review

Background and aims: Given the emergence of black fungal disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the prevalence of fungi in various environments and the diversity of fungal species, understanding the causes of fungal infections is crucial. This study aimed to analyze the factors contributing to the prevalence of invasive fungal infections. Methods: This research utilized keywords related to fungal infections, key factors, blood group, immunodeficiency, chemotherapy, age, race, and their equivalents to perform searches in international databases. Results: A total of 25 relevant articles on invasive fungal infections and associated key factors were included in this review. The findings indicated that the primary factor influencing invasive fungal infections is immune system weakness. The second significant group of factors consists of blood groups, while demographic factors such as age, gender, and race were categorized in the third group. Other predisposing factors identified include diabetes, pregnancy, prolonged ICU hospitalization, organ transplantation, and chemotherapy. Conclusion: Invasive fungal infections caused by opportunistic fungi are a critical cause of mortality and disease burden. Therefore, it is imperative for healthcare managers to prioritize essential measures for the prevention, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of fungal infections.