Результати експериментальних досліджень різання ґрунтів просторово орієнтованими ножами відвального обладнання

To carry out experimental studies of the process of cutting the working environment by spatially oriented blades of blade equipment, the dynamometric stand for registering the force load of the author's design of KNUBA was improved, which allowed to conduct full-fledged experimental studies taking into account all the existing factors of interaction between the working environment and the working body during cutting. The use of soils of III, IV, and V categories is proposed as a working environment. As a result of the studies carried out for the dynamometric stand for recording the force load during the study of the cutting process with a spatially oriented knife, the cutting forces at different angles α of its deviation were analytically determined, which perform the work of destroying and overcoming the soil resistance to cutting. According to the results of theoretical studies, it was found that the limits of the cutting force determined for a natural installation with spatially oriented knives and for a laboratory bench are the same, and the nature of their change is also similar and is related to each other by the similarity coefficient. In order to verify the adequacy of theoretical calculations on the dynamometer bench, experimental studies of cutting the working environment were carried out. In the course of experimental studies, normal and orthogonal forces were measured simultaneously, which perform the work of destruction and overcoming the resistance of the soil to cutting. The experimental studies carried out fully confirm the adequacy of theoretical calculations, and the comparison of theoretical and experimental results of determining the cutting force showed their sufficient convergence and, accordingly, the legitimacy of using analytical expressions in calculating the power parameters of machines with spatially oriented knifes of blade equipment. The values of the cutting forces that perform the work of destroying and overcoming the resistance of the soil to cutting, which were determined theoretically, taking into account the similarity coefficients used in physical modelling for the above laboratory stand for recording cutting forces by spatially oriented knife of blade equipment, are compared with the results of the cutting forces determined experimentally on this stand. The maximum value of the error in determining the cutting force by theoretical and experimental methods on the laboratory stand for recording cutting forces by spatially oriented knife of blade equipment is Δδ=10,06%.