ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОРФОГЕНЕЗУ КРОВОНОСНИХ СУДИН ПЕЧІНКИ ТА ПОЗАПЕЧІНКОВИХ ЖОВЧНИХ ПРОТОК У РАННЬОМУ ПЕРІОДІ ОНТОГЕНЕЗУ ЛЮДИНИ

In order to clarify the peculiarities of the sources of rudiments, the development of the structure and the formation of the topography of the blood vessels of the extrahepatic bile ducts in the embryonic period of human ontogenesis, 22 series of consecutive histological sections of embryo specimens (4.5-13.0 mm parieto-coccygeal length) were studied using a complex of morphological research methods (anthropometry, microscopy, graphic and computer reconstruction, morphometry). It was established that the extraorgan blood vessels of the extrahepatic bile ducts arise at the 4th week of  prenatal development from the abdominal trunk, which branches into the rudiments of the common hepatic, left gastric and splenic arteries. At the 5th week of prenatal ontogenesis, the trunk of the portal hepatic vein is formed from the remnants of anastomoses between the vitelline-mesenteric veins. At the beginning of the 6th week of intrauterine development, the paired umbilical veins merge in the umbilical cord, and in the body of the embryo, the entire volume of blood from the placenta is directed through the left umbilical vein to the liver. At the end of the 5th week of intrauterine development, hematopoietic islands appear in the wall of the common bile duct - capillary-type blood vessels, which indicates the beginning of the formation of the intraorgan blood flow of the extrahepatic bile ducts. At the 6th week of the prenatal period of ontogenesis, a definitive syntopy of the common bile duct with the portal hepatic vein and the hepatic artery proper is established in the rudiment of the hepatoduodenal ligament.