БІОРОЗКЛАДНІ ПОЛІМЕРИ З ГІДРОКСИАПАТИТОМ ДЛЯ МЕДИЧНИХ ЦІЛЕЙ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ

This paper presents a review of current advancements in the development of biodegradable polymer composites with hydroxyapatite (HAp) for medical applications. The combination of synthetic (PLA, PLGA, PCL, PEEK) and natural polymers with HAp is analyzed in terms of improving mechanical and biological performance. Special attention is given to the use of HAp nanoparticles, natural sources of HAp, drug delivery systems, implants, and 3D-printed scaffolds for tissue engineering. The review highlights the advantages of matrix modifications with Sr²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ag⁺ ions, as well as structural additives such as fluorapatite and graphene. Key challenges are also discussed, including limited mechanical stability of some composites, the need for scalable 3D printing technologies, and the lack of comprehensive clinical studies. The material is relevant for professionals in biomaterials science, orthopedics, regenerative medicine, and biomedical engineering.