Конструкційні особливості та новітні технології підшипників ковзання в сучасній промисловості

The article is a review and focuses on the analysis of modern materials, designs, and lubrication technologies for plain bearings, which are essential components in mechanical engineering and are used in various industrial equipment, such as turbines, pumps, generators, and compressors. The reliability and longevity of journal bearings are critical issues in modern industry, as their failure can lead to complete equipment shutdown, causing significant economic losses. Depending on operating conditions, journal bearings face challenges related to wear, high temperatures, vibration, and unstable lubrication, necessitating the use of innovative materials, structures, and lubrication methods. This review aims to analyse contemporary materials, bearing designs, and lubrication technologies used in the manufacture of journal bearings. Special attention is given to the use of polymer materials for friction pairs and the effectiveness of low-viscosity lubricants, which enable journal bearings to be used in specialised, high-tech equipment. The review incorporates findings from numerous studies that examine various types of bearings, such as hydrostatic and hydrodynamic, using water and other fluids as lubricants. The practical significance of this review lies in its potential to inform the development of optimised journal bearing designs suited to complex applications that demand high precision, reliability, and operational efficiency. The key findings suggest that the integration of innovative materials, such as polymers, and advanced lubrication methods can significantly enhance wear resistance and operational stability. Furthermore, the implementation of new bearing designs with improved lubrication efficiency and heat dissipation offers promising improvements for the productivity of modern rotating equipment. Research in this area is crucial for advancing more reliable and efficient bearing systems in industry