ОПЕРЕТА «ЧОРНОМОРЦІ» М. ЛИСЕНКА ТА М. СТАРИЦЬКОГО ЯК НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ АРХЕТИП: МУЗИКА, СЛОВО, ДУХ

The operetta “Chernomorets” was considered the first joint stage work of Mykola Lysenko and Mykhailo Starytskyi, which became a significant step in the formation of the Ukrainian musical and drama theater. The source of the plot is analyzed — the play by Ya. Kukharenko “Black Sea Household in Kuban”, its ethnographic and historical features. The transformation of the phases has been revealed: From the naturalistic domestic scenes to the symbolic-mythological space of Chornomoria, which allowed the authors to give the work a deep humanistic meaning. The principles of implementation of dramatic material in the musical and stage form in the operetta “Chernomortsi” have been clarified. The musical structure of the work is investigated. The specifics of intonations, harmonies and rhythms related to Cossack themes are revealed. Attention is focused on the poetic and musical semantics of images, especially on the motives of Taras Shevchenko’s poetry, which structure the drama of the work and emphasize the spiritual component of Ukrainian identity. The main ideological imperative of Cossack glory in its broad interpretation as the basis of folk worldview, the accompanying creativity of T. Shevchenko has been substantiated. The musical organization of operetta, theme, intonation, and harmonic features of overture and vocal parties, which reproduce archetypal ideas about the Cossack region, has been estimated. It is determined that the operetta performs not only an artistic and aesthetic function but also becomes a means of comprehension and translation of the national outlook, demonstrating the synthesis of traditional culture and modern artistic thinking. It is shown how through the musical and dramatic form, the authors implement a patriotic message aimed at the revival of historical memory and the formation of civic consciousness. It is emphasized that the emphasis is shifted in the narrative: From ethnographic realism to generalized philosophical concept, symbolizing the indestructibility of the Ukrainian spirit. It has been found that the artistic method of creating the mythologized space of “Chornomoria” contributed to the conclusion of the plot beyond a specific historical event, turning it into a generalized model of national existence, where the action acquires timeless meaning, and the characters – characteristic features. It is proved that “Chernomorets” appear as a key work in the development of the Ukrainian musical and dramatic theater, demonstrating the ability of artistic renewal and ideological influence through the synthesis of music, drama and national symbols.