Заходи заохочення, що застосовуються до державних службовців: законодавче регулювання у державах Східної Європи

The article is devoted to the study of legislative regulation of incentive measures applied to civil servants in the countries of Eastern Europe. A comparative analysis is conducted of legislative approaches to the legal regulation of incentives for civil servants in Bulgaria, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. The relevance of the research is determined by the ongoing reform of the civil service in Ukraine, aimed at enhancing its efficiency and professionalism, as well as the country’s European integration aspirations, which necessitates the study of the experience of European countries in this area. The study reveals a variety of approaches to the classification and types of incentives. Bulgaria’s legislation is limited to non-material forms of incentives (such as achievement certificates, badges of honour). In contrast, Romania and Poland prioritize material incentives (such as monetary bonuses and awards). A combined approach, incorporating both material and non-material incentives, is observed in the Czech Republic and Moldova. The legislation of Hungary and Slovakia is characterized by more general regulation: the sectoral laws of these countries merely declare the possibility of applying incentives without specifying their types or procedures for implementation. The study concludes that there is no unified approach to the legislative regulation of civil service incentives across Eastern European states. Differences are observed in terminology, classification of incentive types, and the role of material and non-material forms of incentives. In some countries, incentive measures are regulated in detail, while in others, the relevant provisions are of a general nature or not enshrined at all at the level of specialized state (civil, public) service laws. The article emphasizes the importance of taking into account the experience of Eastern European countries in the process of improving Ukraine’s legislation in the field of civil service, particularly with regard to incentives. An analysis of these approaches may contribute to the development of a more effective incentive system that reflects the specific characteristics of civil service in Ukraine.