Скінченно-елементне моделювання композитних біомеханічних структур: аналіз попереково-тазового та краніо-максилофаціального комплексів

The object of this study is human biomechanical systems in both normal and pathological conditions, focusing on the lumbo-pelvic and craniofacial complexes, including restorative structures such as miniplates, screws, and dental implants. The military actions caused by Russian aggression against Ukraine have prompted the development of more effective methods for injury treatment and rehabilitation. This research proposes novel digital modelling methods for biomechanical systems that incorporate individual mechanical properties of biological tissues and enable a comprehensive stress-strain analysis under normal conditions, pathological changes, and post-reconstructive states. The study utilizes finite element analysis (FEA) and computer simulation, integrated with CT and MRI data, ensuring high accuracy in predicting the functional behaviour of biological tissues. The dominant biomechanical factors that help prevent mechanical overload of tissues and reduce the risk of complications have been identified. The study investigates the kinematic chain “lumbar spine – sacroiliac joint – pelvis”, assessing the impact of pathological variations in lumbar lordosis and sacral inclination angle. For the craniofacial complex, the research examines the biomechanical conditions for successful osseointegration of miniplates, screws, and implants in jaw reconstruction. The practical applications of the obtained results include orthopedics, traumatology, dentistry, and rehabilitation medicine. The proposed methods contribute to improving surgical planning accuracy, optimizing rehabilitation procedures, and developing durable implants adapted to the patient’s anatomical features. This will help minimize the risk of complications and accelerate patient recovery.