ВИТОКИ ХУДОЖНЬОГО ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРНОГО ТА МІСЬКОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА В КУЛЬТУРІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ОТОЧЕННЯ

The origins of the artistic design of the architectural and urban environment, which mark the beginning of the stage of historical origin, can be traced back to a change in attitudes towards the form of products and objects that form space. In contemporary artistic design, the shape of the product and its integration into the structure of the environment are interactively adapted to human needs. However, an analysis of the design experience of the late nineteenth century reveals a tendency to create industrial design products isolated from the spatial environment. The Arts and Crafts movement, the Studio style, and the Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Company company founded by William Morris advocated a return to craftsmanship and a holistic approach to organizing the environment. This contributed to the formation of a harmonious space where form, function, and aesthetics were inextricably linked, emphasizing the importance of integrating the form of the product into the architectural and artistic context. This approach became the starting point of artistic design, emphasizing the importance of beauty and emotion in human life. Morris's approach to design was not completely new, as it was based on the principles of excluding technical standardization when creating the object world. However, it was he who emphasized the need for an alternative approach to the organization of the architectural and urban environment, focusing on the problem of the decline of artistic culture during the Industrial Revolution. Thus, Morris's theoretical and practical achievements in the culture of artificial environment formation can be considered the origins of the artistic design of the architectural and urban environment.