Ефект поєднання хімічних і біологічних компонентів суміші для обробки насіння сої (Glycine max L.)

Using the phenomenon of biological nitrogen fixation is one of the most effective and ecofriendly ways for nitrogen nutrition of plants. The most famous example of biological nitrogen fixation implementation is the use of inoculants for pretreatment of soybean seeds. At the same time, some features of agri cultural technology, such as the use of chemical pesticides, growth regulators or trace elements for seed treatment, reduce the efficiency of nodulation and, accordingly, the productivity of leguminous crops. On the other hand, not using pesticide poisons leads to crop losses due to the affect of pests. Today, the issue of compatibility for chemical and biological preparations remains unsolved, the data on their safe blending are quite contradictory and ambiguous. The aim of the work was to estimate the influence of fungicides, microfertilizers and growth regulators on the ability to survive of microbial component of inoculants on seeds during longterm storage, and the sowing quality of soybean seeds under the conditions of its treatment with multicomponent complexes. Bradyrhizobium japonicum EL 35 strains from the collection of the Department of Agroecology and Biosafety of the Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences were used in the experiment. The inoculant Wealth N, which contains active strains of Rhizobium (B. japonicum mix), was taken as a standard. Soybean seeds were treated with the following substances: Fungicide1 — (fludioxonil 25 g/l, metalaxylM 10 g/l) — 1 l per ton of seeds; Fungicide2 — (thiophanate methyl 435 g/l, kresoximmethyl 50 g/l, cymoxanil 15 g/l) — 1 l per t of seeds; Biostimulant — (amino acids 200g/l) — 0.12 l per ton of seeds; Humates –potassium humate (liquid 18%) — 0.8 l/t of seeds; Microelements (chelated complex of EDTA Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Mg, B, Mo) — 0.25 kg per ton of seeds. It was shown that, with the exception of trace elements, coincubation of B. japonicum EL 35 and Wealth N with fungicides and biostimulants for up to 24 hours did not affect the titer of microorganisms. In the tank mixture with trace elements, the titer of Rhizobium decreased by 10–20% after 1 hour, and after a day the decrease was 62 and 43% for B. japonicum EL 35 and Wealth N respectively. In the future, we did not involve microelements for creating complexes. Pretreatment of soybean seeds with tank mixes of inoculants with fungicides and biostimulants showed that the titer of microorganisms practically does not decrease within 7 days. A study of the impact of complex treatments on the sowing quality of seeds showed that scientifically based selection of components allows to increase the energy of germination by 11%, and germination from 4 to 6%. However, this statement is true only for seeds that have partially lost their qualities during longterm storage. Presowing seed treatment of the 2023 crop with reference indicators of germination and germination energy did not show such an effect. Thus, the joint treatment of seeds with chemical poisons, inoculants and plant growth regulators based on amino and humic acids is an effective tool for simultaneous protection and improvement of seed quality.