Граматичні дослідження Людвіґа Вітґенштайна як альтернатива теоріям значення

The aim of this article is a historical-philosophical actualisation in the academic sphere of the conception of grammar as an approach presented by the late philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) that may have the prospect of becoming an alternative to traditional philosophical approaches to the study of language based upon theories of meaning and reference. This actualisation is conducted in the context of contemporary problems of the philosophy of language and with awareness of the historical context of their research. Concerning the historical-philosophical aspect, the article is concerned with how the understanding of the notion of grammar developed through the interpretations of the philosophy of Wittgenstein presented by his followers and other scholars. The study of these interpretations helps to clarify how the conception of grammar and the grammatical approach it comprises are related to theories of meaning and those that examine language by the conceptions of meaning as use and rule-following. Concerning the problem-related aspect of the article, the grammatical approach, in comparison with the traditional methods of the analytic philosophy, is considered an alternative non-metaphysical way of dealing with fundamental problems of the philosophy of language, above all with the metaphysical aspects of the question about the conditions of meaning and the question about the very aim of the philosophical inquiry into language.This article shows the incompatibility of interpretations that ascribe metaphysical theories of meaning to the philosophy of Wittgenstein with the investigative intentions of the philosopher. Conversely, those interpretations that avoid metaphysical assumptions cannot justify the philosophical value of examining language and its main feature, stated by those theories, namely meaning. The conception of grammar and the respective approach can, on the one hand, avoid those metaphysical assumptions and, on the other hand, produce a new justification of the value perspective for the philosophical inquiry into language.