Солечутливість/солерезистентність у хворих на артеріальну гіпертензію: вплив на жировий обмін, рівень глюкози, окремі клініко-антропометричні параметри

The objective: to determine the lipid metabolism, glucose level, individual clinical and anthropometric indicators depending on sodium sensitivity/sodium resistance and gender in patients with essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Materials and methods. 100 patients with stage II EAH and 60 practically healthy individuals of the control group took part in the study. All persons underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. Sodium sensitivity/sodium resistance was determined according to the method of M.H. Weinberger. Metabolism was analyzed according to the lipid profile (total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoproteins – HDL-C, LDL-C, atherogenicity coefficient, triacylglycerols – TG), glucose, creatinine, cystatin-C, bilirubin and albuminuria in blood. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), their ratio (WC/HC) were also determined. Results. The course of EAH in sodium sensitivity patients is characterized by higher BMI and WC than in sodium resistance patients, regardless of gender – by 29.32–33.54% (p < 0.001) and 15.02–23.40% (p < 0.001), a higher ratio WC/HC, but only in men – by 8.51% (р = 0.003), which is probably greater than that in women of all study groups by 6.82–28.75% (р ≤ 0.028–0.001). At the same time, sodium sensitivity hypertensive men had marginally higher albuminuria – by 42.34% (p = 0.05) and higher blood levels of creatinine and cystatin-C than sodium resistance men – by 11.39% (p = 0.022) and 11. 88% (р = 0.022), which causes a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, but probably only for cystatin-C – by 12.23% (р = 0.044), respectively. Probable differences, taking into account sodium sensitivity, were not found in the blood pressure levels, lipid and glucose concentrations in the patients. In the control group sodium sensitivity individuals have a higher TG level than sodium resistance individuals – by 58.50% (p = 0.011) with lower HDL cholesterol in both women and men – by 15.82% (p = 0.004) and 41.04% (p = 0.004), respectively. Conclusions. Sodium sensitivity in EAH patients is associated with changes in certain anthropometric parameters (higher BMI, WC) regardless of gender and metabolic factors (greater albuminuria, higher levels of cystatin-C and blood creatinine, WC/HC), but only in men.