Особливості психоемоційного стану вагітних із вродженими вадами серця

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a pathology which is characterized by heart structure malformations. Pregnant women with CHD require the medical help of a doctor’s multidisciplinary team before, during and after pregnancy. The number of pregnant women with CHD has increased over the past decades. Stress is an integral part of the present time, and people with CHD have a higher risk of emotional, behavioral and social problems. Current results indicate the need for a holistic approach focused on pregnant women with CHD during the whole pregnancy.The objective: to analyze the psychoemotional state of pregnant women with CHD.Materials and methods. 180 pregnant women with CHD were examined. The main group (MG) – 150 women: subgroup A – 30 pregnant women with unoperated heart defects and heart failure (HF) II–III functional class (FC) of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) and pulmonary hypertension, subgroup B – 60 pregnant women with operated CHD and HF II–III FC, subgroup C – 60 pregnant women with unoperated heart defects and HF I FC. Control group (CG) – 30 women with a physiological course of pregnancy without cardiac pathology. For psychological testing the observation, conversation, interview and methods for determination of the levels of depression (PHQ-9 test), anxiety (Spilberger test) and the formation of emotional attachment between mother and fetus. Statistical processing of results and graphic design were carried out using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Statistica 10 for Windows.Results. 74% of women (n = 37) in subgroup B had low mood and tearfulness, which can mostly be explained by a long stay in the hospital. Women in the CG were characterized by an increased level of reactive anxiety with a normal level of personal anxiety. In subgroup A 100% of pregnant women had a fear of death during childbirth or after childbirth. 33.3% (n = 10) of women in this subgroup practically did not make plans for the future, 66.7% (n = 20) of pregnant women were confident that everything will be fine, but constantly hoped for help from the partners. 18% (n = 27) of women in the MG had increased depression indicators according to the PHQ-9 test, and 22% (n = 33) of pregnant women in this group had borderline values. Having analyzed the pictures of women, we can conclude that there are common features in all the results: anxiety, self-doubt, conflict.Conclusions. The psycho-emotional state of pregnant women with CHD requires both medical and psychological support. In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop a program of psychological support and comprehensive preparation for childbirth for women with this pathology.