Understanding Agricultural Education Needs of Military Veteran Farmers: Characteristics, Motivations, and Preferences

The security of the U.S. food supply is essential to national stability, yet the agricultural sector faces a labor shortage due to an aging producer population and heavy reliance on foreign labor. The U.S. government has identified military veterans as a vulnerable group deserving of agricultural education. Existing literature primarily emphasizes the mental health benefits of agriculture for veterans, overlooking their potential contributions to agricultural production. This study applies self-directed learning (SDL) theory to examine how military veterans engage in agricultural education through nonformal learning environments. While SDL research has traditionally focused on formal higher education using qualitative methods, this study employs a quantitative approach to describe the military veteran farmer seeking agricultural education outside formal institutions. A survey instrument, adapted from academic and governmental sources, was distributed through nonprofit organizations supporting veteran farmers. The findings provide a comprehensive profile of veteran farmers, detailing their general demographics, military backgrounds, agricultural experience, and learning preferences. Understanding these factors is critical for developing effective agricultural education programs tailored to veterans' needs. By addressing gaps in SDL research and agricultural workforce development, this study offers insights for policymakers, educators, and organizations supporting veterans’ transition into agriculture. Further research is recommended to enhance program effectiveness and expand educational opportunities for this unique learner demographic.