Un paso hacia adelante y dos hacía atrás. : Una revisión crítica del fundamento normativo de los Estados europeos de bienestar social

The modern concept of solidarity stands out for its dynamic character based on a dialectic tension between individualization processes of a pluralistic society on the one hand and the integrative functionality of a limited community on the other. But the immersion of the subjects into institutions which intermediate their individual interests by the “abstract reliability” requires us to revise the relation between the modern state and national identity from a critical perspective inspired by the theory of Nicos Poulantzas. This leads us to a new concept of solidarity where the national homogenization is substituted by a new form of equality founded on autonomous and independent individuals. By reasoning a model of solidarity in this way we are able to resolve the deficiencies of sociological theorists onto the normative fundament of the social welfare state.