The Role of Alternative Respiratory Enzymes in Photosynthetic Plant Cells Under Stress

In recent years, it has become clear that for mitochondria in photosynthetic plant cells, the main role of buffer capacity is becoming, allowing to keep under control the balance of ATP production, regulation of the level of pyridine nucleotide reduction, generation of ROS and RNS, as well as optimize the main metabolic flows, which is especially important under stress. Non-conjugated respiration is an important mechanism for achieving stable operation and maximum efficiency of photosynthetic cells. It is actively used in the light and becomes even more important under stress in lighting conditions. The most important part of these non-canonical mitochondrial functions is provided by alternative mitochondrial respiratory enzymes.