Reforçar o ensino da cibersegurança para estudantes universitários: colmatar as vulnerabilidades e promover práticas proactivas de segurança digital

Introduction: As university students in emerging regions like Albania increasingly engage with digital platforms, they face growing cybersecurity risks. While basic tools like antivirus software are common, critical gaps in password management and phishing detection persist, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced cybersecurity education. Objective: To examine the gaps in cybersecurity practices among university students and identify critical areas that need more focus. Methods: A quantitative survey was conducted with 242 students from IT-related disciplines. The survey assessed digital security practices, threat perceptions, and responses to cybersecurity incidents. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the link between proactive cybersecurity behaviors and the reduction of cyber incidents. Results: The findings reveal a notable gap in students' awareness of cybersecurity risks. Students are more inclined to report cybersecurity incidents when anonymous reporting mechanisms are available, emphasizing the crucial role of privacy-respecting systems in promoting proactive incident reporting within universities. Additionally, logistic regression analysis shows that students who consistently engage in proactive cybersecurity behaviors are significantly less likely to encounter or report malware-related incidents, further highlighting the importance of cultivating these behaviors to reduce exposure to cyber risks. Conclusion: This study underscores the need for educational programs that focus on advanced cybersecurity practices. It advocates for universities to implement tailored curricula that enhance students' digital security competencies, better preparing them for evolving cyber risks.