Pwezi bileng franko-kreyòl Monchoachi (Matinik) ak Georges Castera jinyò (Ayiti) : ant enteritoryalite ak eksteritoryalite lengwistik, idantite louvri ak idantite fèmen

Georges Castera, Jr. (Haiti) and Monchoachi (Martinique) have produced a significant and substantial body of bilingual poetry, in French and Creole. Yet, each of the two poets makes a particular use of their primary languages in their writing practices, resulting in a unique expression of identity. The work aims to identify and illustrate the bilingualism exhibited by the Haitian and Martinican poets, while revealing that their bilingual poetry conveys the expression of a relatively closed identity in the case for Castera, Jr. and a markedly open identity for Monchoachi. Naturally, this study begins with the concept of “bilingualism”, followed by “diglossia”, “literary diglossia” and “interlecte”, according to Charles A. Ferguson, Jean Bernabé and Félix Lambert Prudent respectively. It examines the bilingual poetry of both poets through the lenses of bilingualism, interlecte, heterolingualism (as proposed by Grutman), and “linguistic territoriality,” analyzed specifically by Felix Tacke, to arrive at functional and operational innovative concepts of autonomous and compound bilingualism, linguistic interritoriality, exterritoriality, and interterritoriality. Using a unique comparative analysis of the authors' bilingual works, which draws from structural linguistics (Ducrot), semanalysis (Kristeva), semiotics (Barthes and Rifaterre) and thematic criticism (Richard and Barthes), this thesis demonstrates that Georges Castera is above all an interritolingual. He strictly employs the official and national languages of Haitian territory, reflecting a perspective of autonomous bilingualism characterized by the separate use of Creole and French. Monchoachi, on the other hand, is an interterritolingual who uses the local languages of Martinique (French and Creole) in a compound bilingualism. He incorporates various Creole variants from the Franco-Creole-speaking Caribbean to different forms of French, and other foreign languages. Comparative analysis has also allowed us to identify distinct poetics in the two poets: 1) one differentiated, sharing a common materialism: Castera's corpoétique and Monchoachi's panpoétique; 2) the other conjugated, characterized by the notion of ambivalence. The concepts resulting from this work should facilitate the analysis and naming of linguistic phenomena associated with poetic creations, or even broader statements, that reflect the nuanced bilingualism of targeted speakers, with respect to other bilingual spheres in the Caribbean region or elsewhere.