The Physical and Mental Health Implications on Patients of Childbearing Age Following the Dobbs Deicison

Background: In June 2022, the Supreme Court ruled to overturn Roe v. Wade in the Dobbs v. Jackson case which allowed for individual states to determine the legality of abortion. Thirteen states had “trigger” laws in place that immediately restricted abortion access. Since then, many states have enacted laws restricting access to abortion, increasing the total number of states where abortion is outlawed or heavily restricted. Hypothesis: The goal of this review was to examine the potential implications of restricted access to abortion care on the physical and mental health of patients of childbearing age, which was hypothesized to be negatively impacted. Methods: Online databases were accessed, and nine studies met inclusion criteria for this literature review. Inclusion criteria consisted of cross-sectional, case, regression model, retrospective, and prospective studies related to abortion care or the overturn of Roe v. Wade. Studies specific to the Dobbs decision (2020–2024) were included alongside others from 1999–2024. Results: In restrictive states and states with trigger laws, the loss of abortion rights was associated with a 10% increase in mental distress, higher reported levels of anxiety and depression, and an increase in internet searches for abortion and contraception related terms. Additionally, there was a significant increase in necessary travel time to the nearest abortion facility, delaying care and increasing self-induced abortions. Conclusion: Overall, the Dobbs decision has had a negative impact on both physical and mental health among individuals of childbearing age. Further research is needed to fully understand the broader implications of these consequences.