MODERN METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF LUNG FUNCTION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD (3-6 YEARS)

The study of lung functions by forced spirometry in childhood is a gold standard. International guidelines indicate that lung function testing is possible in children from 3 years old, but the challenge is the lack of cooperation. This requires the introduction of other functional tests that do not need cooperation and at the same time provide reliable information. Indications: The main indications for the study of lung functions in childhood are related to diagnosis, monitoring of the disease, evaluation of applied treatment and future prognosis. Examination methods: The lack of cooperation of the examined child, the inability to sedate, the age from 3 to 6 years, require an adapted approach and application of research methods that combine safety, ease of performance and provide reliable information. Functional tests include multiple breath washout methods by inhaling inert gas, which assess the course of diseases as cystic fibrosis, without requiring coordinated assistance, but provide information on the homogeneity of the airflow; forced oscillation method, which obtains information about changes in both the large and small airways; the measurement of nitric oxide in the exhaled air as an inflamometer for eosinophilic bronchial inflammation, etc. Conclusion: Modern methods for assessing lung function play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in early childhood, although they are rarely widely used. The study at this age is challenging, but it provides valuable information in young children under 6 years of age with cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and recurrent wheezing.