Exploring microalgae as a sustainable pathway for bioplastic production and environmental restoration

The global demand for plastics continues to grow, leading to serious environmental issues and health concerns, while the need for increased plastic production further adds to the problem. Conventional methods for producing and managing plastic waste, such as recycling and disposal, fall short in providing sustainable solutions. In this context, microalgae are emerging as a promising alternative for developing sustainable materials. Microalgae not only have the capability to biodegrade plastics by breaking down plastic polymers through enzymatic processes, but they also serve as a renewable resource for creating bioplastics. This review focuses on the potential of microalgae in the biodegradation of plastics and the production of algae-based biodegradable bioplastics. Notably, microalgae-derived bioplastics offer properties like fossil fuel-based plastics, but with enhanced biodegradability. Key techniques, including bioplastic synthesis and material blending, are examined to assess their viability. This study aims to highlight the promise of microalgae as a sustainable solution, offering insights into innovative approaches for plastic waste management and future applications in the bioplastics industry. This review also evaluates the economic feasibility, scalability, and sustainability of microalgae-based bioplastics, while exploring emerging innovations and market trends in this field. The aim is to provide a thorough overview of the role of microalgae in bioplastic production, covering everything from optimizing production methods to addressing commercial challenges. Ultimately, this review contributes to understanding how microalgae can help create a more sustainable future for the plastics industry.