Exploring Family Mealtime Environment, Screens, and Mental Health Among School-Aged Children in Japan

This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of family mealtimes during breakfast and the mental health of school-aged children (6-18 years) in Japan, comparing those who used and did not use screens during breakfast. This study involved two research questions: How did parents of Japanese school-aged (6 to 18 years) children who used screens (electronic devices) at mealtime experience family mealtime during breakfast? How did parents of Japanese school-aged (6 to 18 years) children who did not use screens (electronic devices) at mealtime experience family mealtime during breakfast? In this study, a qualitative phenomenological approach employed semi-structured interviews with parents to capture their perspectives, experiences, and emotions around family mealtimes. Findings revealed both positive and negative consequences of screen use. Screens can encourage eating, especially in underweight children, but may negatively impact family communication, mental health, and attachment styles. The study recommends limiting or reducing screen use, fostering a positive mealtime environment, and exploring alternative strategies to promote healthy family mealtimes. While the study acknowledged limitations such as its qualitative approach, potential sample size issues, and researcher bias, it provided a better understanding of the connection between family breakfast, screen use, and mental health in Japanese children.