The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum Levels of Anti-Müllerian Hormone

Background and Objective: Anti-Müllerian hormone is used as an indicator of ovarian reserve in the diagnosis of infertility. Vitamin D regulates the serum levels of this hormone. Considering the importance of nutritional factors in the reproductive process, the aim of the present study is to summarize the available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of Anti-Müllerian hormone. Methods: In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched until December 2023 without time limit using the keywords "vitamin D", "Anti-Müllerian hormone" and related synonyms. Interventional studies aimed at investigating the effect of vitamin D on the serum levels of Anti-Müllerian hormone were included in the study. Observational, laboratory or combined intervention studies (combination of vitamin D and other supplements) were excluded. Findings: From a total of 82 retrieved studies, 75 studies were excluded due to various reasons (lack of sufficient data, combined intervention, Anti-Müllerian hormone evaluation, laboratory study) and finally seven studies with a total of 282 participants were included in meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference between the two intervention groups and the control group was -0.09 (95% CI: -0.73 to 0.56), which indicated the ineffectiveness of vitamin D on increasing the level of Anti-Müllerian hormone. After aggregating the standardized mean difference of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, no statistically significant difference was seen between the intervention and control groups (standardized mean difference: -0.63, 95% CI: -1.74 to 0.47). Also, the integrated standardized mean difference among women without polycystic ovary syndrome was reported to be non-significant (standardized mean difference: 0.41, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.84). Conclusion: According to the available evidence, vitamin D supplementation is not effective on the serum level of Anti-Müllerian hormone. Conducting multiple clinical trials with a large sample size is recommended.